Practice test for 2.1TMT

2 means term 2
.1 means the first test that will count for term 2




Biology Standard I, Objective 3

Multiple Choice

a1. Which of the following pairs have a predator-prey relationship?

A. water/deer
B. moose/deer
C. shrub/deer
D. mountain lion/deer


a2. Which name is given to a relationship between animals that benefits one or both?

A. symbiotic
B. competitive
C. predatory
D. friendly


a3. Which of the species paired below have a competitive relationship?

A. deer/mountain lion
B. deer/grass
C. deer/elk
D. deer/hawk


b4. Mice and gophers are eating a farmers’ crop. What variable might the farmer change to alter this ecosystem?

A. fertilize the crops more often.
B. add several snakes to the field.
C. use pesticides to reduce the number of insects.
D. using different farming techniques.


b5. A river has a recently had a large number of fish die. What variable should be checked?

A. pollutants in the river water
B. the types of birds in the area
C. the number of visitors to the area
D. the amount of water flowing downstream





Look at this chart to answer the next three questions. It contains data students collected when they observed microorganisms in a covered jar containing pond water and hay.

Day Number of microorganisms Kinds of microorganisms Other observations
1 A few two the microorganisms were swimming and feeding on the hay
4 many Three or four Some microorganisms were feeding on each other
7 hundreds Five or six Moldy scum was developing on the surface and a smell was developing
10 Very few one The water was a dark color and smelled very bad

b6. Which conclusion best matches this data?

A. Microorganisms are small and can swim around freely.
B. Ecosystems change over time.
C. Hay with water smells bad if left for 10 days.
D. Ecosystems are unchanging and balanced.


b7. What is the most likely source of the dark color and bad smell?

A. decomposing hay, wastes from microorganisms
B. evaporated water and swimming microorganisms
C. reaction of air with water and hay.
D. water combines with air to form new substances.


c8. What inference would best explain the changes to the water in the jar?

A. The water was altered by the actions of the living things in it.
B. The water evaporated and the gas created a smell.
C. The water dissolved the hay and microorganisms.
D. The water changes when it is under the microscope.


c9. Which of the following are examples of biotic factors in an ecosystem?

A. water and soil pH
B. snails and soil bacteria
C. water and air temperature
D. elevation and precipitation




c10. Which of the following best represents examples of abiotic factors in an ecosystem?

A. water temperatures at different depths in a pond
B. population of red-winged blackbirds in a cattail marsh
C. the number of mallard ducks living in a wetlands pond
D. the diversity of species of grasses found in a farmer’s hayfield

Use these graphs to answer the next three questions:

J curve is based on a population of S curve is based on population of field mice with no predators. field mice with snakes present.

c11. Which of the following limiting factors is most responsible for controlling the population of field mice illustrated in the J curve?

A. snakes eating field mice
B. fighting between field mice
C. overgrazing followed by starvation (ignore the key)
D. human intervention to control population


a12. Which type of symbiotic relationship between snakes and mice can be inferred from these graphs?

A. naturalism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. predation


c13. The carrying capacity is defined as the maximum population of a species that a given habitat will support without the habitat being degraded. What is the carrying capacity of this habitat for field mice?

A. under 10
B. below 40
C. nearly 85
D. 125 or over



Use the information provided on this model of a wetlands to answer the next two questions. Arrows show the direction of water flow through these wetlands.


Pond pH Water
Temp. #flathead minnows
1 7.2 15 C 97
2 7.1 10 C 90
3 6.4 11 C 62
4 5.2 9 C 45






c14. What abiotic factor appears to be the main cause of the declining fathead minnow population as water moves through the four ponds?

A. water temperature
B. acidic pH levels
C. the number of ponds in the area
D. declining invertebrate population


c15. What might be affecting the pH of pond 4?

A. the large population of flathead minnows
B. the lack of a water source
C. water from the fields carrying fertilizer and pesticides
D. less exposure time for water to evaporate from the surface


d16. Which of the following scientific methods would be most accurate to find out if a species of birds was nesting and raising their young?

A. a pair of binoculars and a calculator
B. a book showing identifying characteristics of the bird
C. using nesting boxes and trapping nets in a specific area of study
D. a thermometer showing minimum and maximum outdoor temperatures


d17. Which of the following is qualitative data that might be gathered during a study of mountain goats?

A. the number of young goats born each year.
B. the type of care each mother goat gave her offspring
C. the temperature of the mountain air at night.
D. the distance the goats could climb in a day.


d18. What important design must be used to record changes in an ecosystem?

A. data must be collected for a number of years.
B. data must be qualitative.
C. biotic factors must be measured using biomass
D. the ecosystem must be measured in a short period of time.


e19. The critical abiotic factor for success of the Florida manatee is water temperature. Manatees live in inland waterways. Based on this fact, which of the following human impacts will affect the population of the manatee the most?

A. propellers on pleasure boats in Florida waters
B. toxic waste pollution in breeding areas of the manatee
C. the building of hydroelectric dams on rivers in Florida
D. luxury homes built on the Florida coastline


e20. The cod fishery in the Great Banks region of the northern US and Canada was once an abundant source of fish. The fishing had to be severely limited and today, few people make a living fishing there. What happened to this ecosystem?

A. fishermen over fished the waters and depleted the fish population.
B. fishermen sold the fish for a high price and people refused to buy them.
C. natural changes in fish populations reduced the number of fish
D. predators from the deep ocean moved in and reduced the fish populations.


e21. Fire control in the western United States has reduced the danger of fire in most forests. Why do some foresters argue that the forests would be healthier if fires burned more often?

A. These foresters are not concerned with human life and property.
B. Fires create open spaces that allow more people to build homes on.
C. Fires allow trees to grow more rapidly and grow different species of plants.
D. Fires are a part of healthy forest ecosystems and restore balance of nutrients.

Essay

1. Describe the relationship which exists between abiotic and biotic factors in ecosystems. Give an example which illustrates this principle from a specific ecosystem.



2. Describe an ecosystem in your backyard using a model or diagram, giving at least 2 specific examples of abiotic factors, and 2 specific examples of biotic factors. Make sure that you include in your drawing (or model) the relationship between specific abiotic and biotic factors. Also include a simple food chain for the animals in this ecosystem.





3. One of the most controversial environmental issues facing ranchers and citizens of the west is the re-introduction of the North American Grizzly Bear to the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness area in Idaho. Using the principles of symbiotic relationships within these ecosystems how would a biologist research and collect data on the grizzly bear and other native species within these ecosystems? Provide 4 questions, related to symbiotic relationships, that a biologist would attempt to answer which would address issues of concern for both the ranchers and environmentalists.












































Answers:
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. A
21. D

Essay Sample Answers:
1. Abiotic factors are non-living factors such as temperature, pH, rainfall, snowpack, wind, etc, that determine the amount and types of organisms, or biotic factors, found within this ecosystem. For example, water temperature appears to be a critical abiotic factor in determining the population of rainbow trout in the Green River
2. In my backyard there is a large piece of dead Sitka Spruce, underneath it I find centipedes and spiders living during the summer months. The average soil temperature under this log in late June-July is 55 degrees, and the soil pH is approximately 6.4. The soil pH and temperature is important for the centipede population, and the log provides a suitable habitat for the spiders to build their nests in. The centipedes feed on dead spiders and other dead organisms, while the spiders feed on live insects caught in their webs. All these factors need to be in balance for this healthy log ecosystem.
3.
1. What plant and animal species form the main diet of the grizzly bear?
2. What is the population of plant/prey species within these ecosystems?
3. What specfic symbiotic relationship will the grizzly bear form with other natural predators within these ecosystems(cougars, etc)?
4. What would be some of the main limiting factors for the grizzly bears that are ntroduced into these ecosystems?